英语职称理工A,B,C,D的区别
按照职称英语考试大纲的要求，A级要求掌握6000单词，
B级5000单词，
C级4000单词，但是对于普通学员而言，要通过职称考试并不需要掌握如此多的词汇，一般来说有些基础的词汇量，熟悉教材文章并能熟练有效地使用字典，就可以通过该项考试了。我们大多数学员的英语基础并不是很好，再加上工作繁忙，年龄偏大等原因，不可能在短时间内掌握这么多的词汇，所以我们所要做的就是让学员掌握其中大约1000左右的核心词汇，其中包括243组同义或近义的单词和短语。
A
B
C三个级别是由难到易，A级中会有1/3的A级内容，1/3的B级内容和1/3的
C级内容；
B级考题则一半是B级的难度，一半是
C级的难度；在每年的考试中A和B的区别可能就是一篇阅读理解而已；
C是最简单的，稍具英文基础再经过一段时间的培训即可顺利通过。但在少数情况下，由于A级有可能在试卷中有更多原题（即书上的题），它反而会变得更容易通过了。
这三个类别的区别从表面上来讲是很大的;综合偏重于出社会人文方面的考题，很多人因此认为是最简单的，但是自从财经类合并到综合类中以来，其考题变得更加复杂了。因为，任何一类都可以考综合，它的考题就要自然要涉及各个方面，无论是理工的还是卫生的东西。理工类中主要是一些理工科的自然科学类的文章，它的书里涉及到更多的专业词汇、术语，文章内容却多是科普性质的，不会太艰深晦涩。如果考生碰巧遇到了属于自己专业的文章，无须看文章也能作对题，这也可以说是考理工的一个优势吧。卫生类的针对性非常鲜明，教材中多半是医学方面的文章，考生也是各家医院或者医疗研究机构的工作人员，因此卫生类也就成为最纯粹的一个类别。单就通过率而言，实际上卫生类最高，综合类其次，理工类最低
职称英语理工类的,ABC什么意思?
一般来说A级合格证书可申报高级职称，B级合格证书可申报中级职称，C级合格证书可申报初级职称。职称英语理工类分为A/B/C三个级别，不同的职称需要考不同级别的职称英语。A级合格证书有效期为四年，B、C级合格证书有效期为三年。但各地也不尽相同，比如像湖南省，A级申报正高职称，B级申报副高职称，C级申报中级职称，初级职称不需考试职称英语。扩展资料：职称英语的考试内容：1，合理安排测试项目的层次结构。本考试的重点是考查应试者的阅读理解能力，试卷的结构应充分考虑阅读理解能力的不同层次，测试不同层次能力的项目所占比重亦不相同。2，合理安排测试项目的难度结构。本考试题目的难易程度分为易、交易、较难、难四个等级，试卷中各种难易程度题目各占一定比例。试题的难易程度和能力层次是两个不同的概念，在每个能力层次的项目中，都包含难易程度不同的题目。3，合理确定考试内容与《职称英语》的关系。职称英语等级考试的题型设置和考查内容均有自身的特点。职称英语考试用书题材广泛，包括：报刊文章、科普材料、故事、报告、广告、技术说明、手册等，体裁包括说明文、记叙文、议论文等。部分命题素材将取自《职称英语》（指定用书）、《考试大纲》。
请问职称英语理工类 B级难度大吗？ 相当于英语四级 吗？
综合A级考试难度比大学英语四级简单一些。没有听力，写作，全部都是选择题，可以带字典。
题型不一样。职称英语考试有六个题目：词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、阅读理解、补全短文、完形填空。一共65个题目。A级的文章字数在300-450之间。综合A要求掌握的词汇量是6000。但词汇没有四级难。
那么B应该比四级要简单
希望对你有帮助~
职称英语A、 B、 C三个等级的考试内容是什么？
职称英语A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。 第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分） 考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分） 考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，有2项测试任务： （1）短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题； （2）短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。 第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分） 考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分） 考查应试者把握文章结构、掌握作者思路的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。 第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分） 考查应试者正确把握文章内容，以及在一定语境中准确使用词语的能力。本部分为1篇300-450词的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 掌握一定的词汇量，根据考试内容和分数占有的比例去有针对性的复习，题目多做为好。
职称英语考试级别分类详解
以下为大家整理的是关于职称英语考试的级别分析，希望能帮助到备考的同学： 职称外语考试设英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语、西班牙语6个语种， 级别：每个语种分为A、B、C三个级别，其中英语每个级别分设综合、理工、卫生3个专业，其它语种不分设专业。 那么A、B、C三级到底有什么区别呢，小万君给您慢慢道来。 A级：适用于高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报高级职称，或其它系列中申报正高级职称，或申报高级商务师的人员。 B级：适用于高级未分正副的系列中申报高级职称，或其他系列中申报副高级职称，或高教、科研、卫生、工程系列中申报中级职称的人员，或卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作申报高级职称的人员。 C级：适用于卫生、工程系列中在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报中级职称，或其它系列申报中级职称的人员。 【山东职称英语考试费调整】 2016年山东职称英语考试收费标准由54元调整至每人每科61元 根据《财政部国家发展改革委关于重新发布中央管理的人力资源社会保障部门行政事业性收费项目的通知》(财税〔2015〕69号)和《国家发展改革委 财政部关于改革全国性职业资格考试收费标准管理方式的通知》(发改价格〔2015〕1217号)，人力资源社会保障部办公厅印发《人力资源社会保障部办公厅关于下发执业药师资格考试等18项专业技术人员资格考试考务费收费标准的通知》(人社厅函〔2015〕278号)，确定将全国专业技术人员职称外语等级考试上缴国家的考务费由每人每科4元调整至每人每科11元。按照国家规定和要求，根据《山东省物价局山东省财政厅关于改革职业资格类考试收费标准管理方式的通知》(鲁价费发〔2015〕92号)，确定凡在山东省报名参加2016年全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试的考生，考试收费标准由原来的每人每科54元调整至每人每科61元。请报名参加考试的考生按时缴费，完成网上报名工作，以便顺利参加考试。 【2016年职称英语考试难度】 首先，2014年的教材相较2013年，理工类新增文章8篇，分别为阅读判断4篇、补全短文3篇、阅读理解1篇;综合类新增8篇，阅读理解、概括大意、阅读判断、补全短文各2篇;卫生类新增6篇，阅读判断和补全短文各3篇。从中我们不难看出教材的变化主要集中在阅读判断和补全短文这两种题型。 2015年和2014年教材对比变化，理工类新增5篇，其中补全短文3篇、阅读理解2篇;综合类新增6篇，补全短文3篇、阅读理解2篇、阅读判断1篇;卫生类新增5篇，补全短文3篇、阅读理解和阅读判断各1篇。 通过2014年和2015年的教材变化情况，我们首先可以得出补全短文每年的新增文章最多，而根据考生的考试情况反馈，该题型也是这六大题型中难度系数最大的。它是在一篇文章中挖掉5个句子，然后增加1个左右的干扰选项，要求考生在排除干扰选项的情况下，把这5个句子按照文章出现的先后顺序回归到文章原来位置，一般考生在此题型上得分不高，应是复习的.重点。 其次是阅读判断题型。阅读判断题型突破了传统考试的思维模式，除了对与错的选项还有“未提及”选项，而很多考生对于“未提及”选项把握不好。大家在平时做练习时应加强训练。 阅读理解在整套试卷所占分值最大，共45分(每道题3分，共15道题)，因此它也排在比较前的位置。 难度排名第四的是概括大意与完成句子题型。该题型实际上是将一篇文章的题目做了2遍，一方面要求考生概括文章的段落大意，另一方面要在文章中补全句子。现如今很多英语方面的考试都比较热衷于考此种类型的题，如大学英语四级和考研英语。 完型填空题型主要考查考生对于词汇用法的掌握程度，而在职称英语考试中往往都是选择的教材中的文章，只要熟练掌握了教材内容这部分难度还是不大的。 词汇选项题型则是难度最小的一部分，在职称考试中主要就是通过选同义词的方式来答题，考生只要通过查词典，这部分的12分还是很容易得到的。 通过以上分析，我们大体对整套试卷的难度结构有所了解，相信2016年的职称英语考试试卷结构也大体是这种模式，不会有太大改变，只要大家在备考阶段，针对难点各个突破，想要在2016年职称英语考试中取得好成绩还是不难的。
2010职称英语A级B级C级区别，以及综合类与理工类有啥区别
我已经不知道回答类似这样的问题多少次了。唉！再说最后一次、
职称英语A、B、C是根据你现在评的职称的等级不一考的等级不一。假设你现在评中级职称你考B级，高级职称呢A级。
职称英语A级的水平相对于大学英语四级。
B级相当于公共英语水平三级偏上。
C级相当于公共英语水平二级偏上。
对于综合类和理工类的区别，这个问题其实也没那么分的很清，我给你两个建议；
一、你问下你们单位相关部门需要考什么类。
二、如果单位没规定，那么你就自己选择其中一个类别。
说说他们的内容的不同吧！
理工类和卫生类内容社会性文章和专业性文章各占50%，而综合类主要是社会性文章，这些选择你根据自己平时的情况是关注哪一块呢？自己选择吧！如果你还不明白的话。那么就给我留言！
职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案(2)
练习： 1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。 2.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。 3.B 文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。 4.A 本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。 5.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。 6.A 选A的依据是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ... 7.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。 译文：微芯片研究中心成立 为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。 该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的.技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。 由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。 几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。 如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。 Text three The Biology of Music Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers. What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1 Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music? If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true. Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately. By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off. However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research. 词汇： automatically .自动地 note 音符 stroke 中风 注释： 1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。 练习： 1.Humans, but not animals, can sing. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2.People can use music to communicate their emotions. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5.It’s hard for humans to compose music. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1.B 第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。 2.A 第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。 3.B 第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。 4.A 第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。 5.C 文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。 6.B 第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。 7.A 最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。 译文：音乐生物学 人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。 哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。 音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么? 如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。 有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。 通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。 然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。
职称英语理工B级阅读理解答案及解析
2015年职称英语理工B级阅读理解答案及解析 以下是关于2015年职称英语理工B阅读理解答案及解析，供同学们参考。 第四部分：阅读理解 阅读理解第一篇 Dangers Await Babies with Altitude Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.1 Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of2 oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.3 ‘‘ says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies4. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body5. 阅读理解第二篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠) of taller indigenous(土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat the coffee plants, but them the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown” and “bird friendly.” Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it’s worth it. 阅读理解第三篇 More Rural Research Is Needed 1 Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead1。 2 “The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty,” he said. 3 Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation2 and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies3 led to economic growth which, in turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve4 but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Afiica and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Afiica. The major inqjrovement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia. 4 The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on5 research, and the developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries. 5 He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India6. 6 “Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently,” Dr. Fischer said. ;
职称英语abc级有什么区别
职称英语考试有A、 B、C三个等级，每个等级划分为综合、理工、卫生3个专业类别，重点在于考查应试者的阅读理解能力。以下是我为您整理的职称英语abc级有什么区别供您参考，更多详细内容请点击实用资料查看。 考试等级A： 1、高等学校教师、自然科学研究、社会科学研究、卫生技术、工程技术职务系列和国际商务专业申报高级专业技术职务者(包括正高和副高级)。 2、其他系列申报正高级专业技术职务者。 考试等级B： 1、在县(含不设区的市，不含区)及乡镇所属单位的卫生和工程技术人员申报副高级专业技术职务者;其他单位的卫生和工程技术人员申报中级专业技术职务者。 2、高等学校教师、自然科学研究、社会科学研究人员申报中级专业技术职务者。3、外语教师和翻译人员申报高级专业技术职务参加第二外语考试者。4、高级专业技术职务未分正副的系列申报高级专业技术职务或其他系列中申报副高级专业技术职务者。 考试等级C： 1、外语教师和翻译人员申报中级专业技术职务参加第二外语考试者。2、在县市及乡镇所属单位的卫生和工程技术人员申报中级专业技术职务者。3、其他系列的专业技术人员申报中级专业技术职务者。 难易不同，A级最难，C级最易。
理工类职称英语B级模拟试题(阅读理解)
第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。 第一篇 The Issue of Package Maybe everyone has such an experience that you have to unwrap several layers of packaging when you enjoy a piece of candy. But this overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping. The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment. Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies, washed out,and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles. The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs. It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and reuse of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and make things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more advanced approach to using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function. 31. "This overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. " (Line 2, Paragraph 1) means __________. A. more wrapping is needed for ordinary products B. more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary products C. too much wrapping is used for both luxury and ordinary products D. the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary 32. Packaging is important to manufacturers because __________. A. it is easy to use it again B. shoppers are interested in beautiful packaging C. they want to attract more shoppers D. packaged things will not go rotten 33. According to the passage, dairies are __________. A. experimenting with the use of paper bottles B. giving up the use of glass bottles C. increasing the use of plastic bottles D. re-using their paper containers 34. Some environmentalists think that __________. A. plastic packaging should be made more convenient B. no alternative can be found to plastic packaging C. too much plastic is wasted D. shops should stop using plastic containers 35. The author thinks that A. packing is actually useless and could be ignored B.people will soon stop using packaging altogether C.enough research has been done into recycling D.it is better to produce new materials than to re—tlSe old ones 第二篇 Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don't mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. have invented a backpack thatmakes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions search-and-rescue operations and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cellphones global positioning system (GPS) receivers,night-vision goggles, and other battery powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpack's electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer's load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept.9 science. The backpack's electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearer's back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack's oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren't on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! 36. Backpacks are convenient because __________. A o they can be verylarge B. they can hold as many things as you want to carry C. your handsare freed to do other things Do you do not have to carry things withyou 37. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented byLawrence C.Romeand his colleagues? A. It produces electricity forelectronic devices while the wearer walks. B. It can be used as cellphones, GPS in the military actions or field studies. C. It is small andconvenient. D. It is light and easy to carry. 38. The word "'springs" in Paragraph 3 means __________. A. a small stream of water flowing naturally from theearth B. the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer C. the act or an instance of jumping or leaping D. a length of metal woundaround, which returns to its original shape afterbeing pushed 39. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do? A. To make the backpackmore comfortable for the wearer. B. To put the backpack on the market. C. To test the advantage of the backpack. D. To promote the backpack in anewspaper or on television. 40. What is implied in "if you do get oneeventually, just make sure to look bothways before crossing the street!"? A. You will be too excited to watch the traffic. B. Enjoyingelectronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. C. It is notpossible for you to get such a backpack. D. It is wise of you to have such abackpack. 第三篇 Invisibility Ring Scientists can't yet make an invisibility cloak like the one that Harry Potter uses. But, for the first time, they've constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves. When a person "sees" an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize the sensations and reconstruct the object's original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away. Invisibility isn't possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light, microwaves are a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultravioletmys, X rays, and gamma rays. The wave lengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light. The scientists' new "invisibility device" is the size of a drink coaster and shaped likearing. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves strike thering, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths. To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring, it looks as if the waves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So, the ring is effectively invisible. When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring, it, too, is nearly invisible. However, the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only for microwaves, not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet. 41. Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientists __________. A. can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses B. try to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses C. try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses D. know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind 42. What is true of microwaves? A. Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light. B. Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. C. They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy. D. They are visible to the human eye. 43. What is NOT true of the invisibility device? A. It is made of a special material with unusual ability. B. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it. C. Microwaves pass through it when they strike it. D. It bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. 44. What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage? A. A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top. B. A vessel engaged in coastal trade. C. A roller coaster. D. A resident of a coastal area. 45. Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet, because __________. A. scientists have not found out how his cloak works B. the cloaking device is a total failure C. the cloaking device works only for microwaves D. the cloaking device works only for visible light
职称英语理工类阅读判断题
Bill Gates: Unleashing YourCreativity I’ve always been an optimist and I suppose it isrooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligencecan make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learningnew things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the firsttime in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine andit could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft30 years ago，we had avision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably soundeda little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size ofrefrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world.And they have. And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired bycomputers as I was back in seventh grade. I believe that computers are the most incredibletool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness — to help us solve problemsthat even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own. Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a windowinto all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities aroundthe things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important tous, no matter where they are.3 Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularlylucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing towork”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but whatmakes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like acomputer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that canstore a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could dothat with a PC5! ” But for all the cool things that a person can dowith a PC，there arelots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work toimprove our world6. There are still far too many people in the worldwhose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millionsof people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developedworld. I believe that my own good fortune brings with ita responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I havecommitted to8 improving health and education in a way that can helpas many people as possible. As a father, I believe that the death of a childin Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a childanywhere else, and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference inthese childre
